Weapons and Armour Essay Example

Weapons and Armour Essay Most civil war soldiers carried a rifled musket, which had quickly replaced the smoothbore muskets. Te old smoothbore muskets had very limited range and were not very accurate. In places where soldiers on firing lines were more than a hundred yards apart a smoothbore musket wouldnt do much damage. Mass numbers of soldiers would often charge next to each other towards the defensive line and use bayonets and their superior numbers to wipe out the enemy. However rifled muskets changed the way that soldiers fought. It was a muzzleloader and had grooves inside the barrel that guided the bullet much more accurately. A charging mass of soldiers would be caught in enemy fire half a mile away and so it was impossible for them to get to the defending enemy and kill them. But these new rifles could not be fired very fast.Before a soldier could fire his musket, he had to bite open a paper cartridge, pour powder down the musket barrel, push the bullet in with a ramrod, cock the hammer, and set th e percussion cap. New soldiers spent weeks trying to learn how to do t his quickly, but even the rifle fire from experienced soldiers was slow Heavy guns were also loaded by pouring in the powder and then the charge. Between shots the barrel was swabbed out. If a spark remained from the previous shot, the new powder being poured in would explode. This makes the guns very dangerous. Most heavy guns had smooth bores and were not very accurate, but when fired against a mass of advancing infantry they were deadly.The official uniform for the Union soldiers was blue but many regiments chose their own uniforms. The Blue and Gray has become the name for the soldiers of the civil war probably because many people thought that all Northern troops wore blue uniforms and all Southern troops wore grey. However this was not always true. A famous New York group of volunteers wore baggy red pants and short red jackets. The Iron Brigade of Michigan wore wide-brimmed black hats, with a feather curled up at the side. The United States Sharpshooters wore dark green uniforms, leather leggings, and feathers in their hats.Uniform was scarce for Southern soldiers. Before the war, the South sent almost all its cotton to Europe or the Northern states to be made into cloth. There were no factories in the south to make uniforms. Women in the south learned from their grandmothers or from their poorer neighbours how to weave homespun cloth. They made dye for the cloth from butternuts. Soon the most common colour worn by Confederate soldiers was not grey but the warm brown of butternuts.Union Tactics at the Battle of GettysburgOn June 24, 1863, General Robert E. Lee led his Confederate Army across the Potomac River and headed towards Pennsylvania. In response to this threat President Lincoln replaced his army commander, General Joseph Hooker, with General George Mead. As Lees troops poured into Pennsylvania, Mead led the Union Army north from Washington. Meades effort was inadvertently help ed by Lees cavalry commander, Jeb Stuart, who, instead of reporting Union movements to Lee, had gone off on a raid deep in the Union rear. This action left Lee blind to the Unions position. When a scout reported the Union approach, Lee ordered his scattered troops to converge west of the small village of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.On July 1, some Confederate infantry headed to Gettysburg to seize much-needed shoes and clashed west of town with Union cavalry. The Union commander, recognizing the importance of holding Gettysburg because a dozen roads converged there, fought desperately to hold off the Rebel advance. Other Union troops briefly stopped some Rebels north of town. During heavy fighting, the Confederates drove the Union troops through the streets of Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill south of the town. Lee ordered General Richard Ewell, now commander of the late Stonewall Jacksons old units, to attack this position if practicable, a vague order that Jackson normally took to mean la unch an all-out attack. Ewell was not Jackson. He decided not to attack once he saw the Union artillery atop the hill. Had he attacked and succeeded, it might have changed the course of the war.The rest of the armies arrived that first night. The Union army established a defensive position resembling a fish hook, with Culps Hill and the two Round Tops anchoring each end. Lee decided to attack both flanks the next day. On his right flank, Union troops mistakenly shifted out of position, leaving Little Round Top undefended. At the last moment, a Union general rushed troops in just ahead of the charging Confederates. After a long day of fighting, they barely held the position. The misplaced bluecoats were pushed back through The Peach Orchard, The Wheat Field, and Devils Den. On the left, Ewells assault failed due mainly to his poor leadership.Thinking the Union centre had weakened from these attacks; Lee decided the next day to hit it first with artillery, and then an infantry charge led by George Picketts division. Stuarts late-arriving cavalry was to come in behind the Union centre at the same time, but they were held off by Union cavalry led by a young General George Custer. After an hours duel, Union artillery deceived the Confederates into thinking their guns were knocked out. Then 13,000 Rebels marched across the field in front of Cemetery Hill, only to have the Union artillery open up on them, followed by deadly Federal infantry firepower. Scarcely half made it back to their own lines. In all, Lee lost more than a third of his men before retreating to Virginia. Meade, a naturally cautious man, decided the loss of one-quarter of his men had been enough, and only feebly tried to pursue Lee, missing an opportunity to crush him.Brief BiographiesAbraham Lincoln: The 16th president of the United States was a self-taught man of humble origin. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky. His parents, Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln, were pioneers, and the family moved several times during Lincolns boyhood. When Lincoln was eight years old, the family moved to Spencer County, Indiana. His mother died shortly thereafter, and the next year proved to be very difficult for Lincoln.Fortunately, Lincolns father married Sarah Bush Johnston the following year. She was an affectionate, energetic woman, who grew quite fond of Lincoln. She encouraged his desire to read, although she was virtually illiterate. Lincoln received very little formal education. His total schooling amounted to about one year.In 1830, the Lincoln family moved again and settled in Illinois. Since Lincoln was 21 years old and had no desire to become a farmer, he set out on his own. After working for a time as a flatboat man, shipping cargo to New Orleans, Lincoln settled in New Salem, Illinois. He worked various jobs as a rail splitter, postmaster, surveyor, and storekeeper. In 1832, Lincoln enlisted as a volunteer in the Black Hawk War and was elected captain of his company.Lincoln considered pursuing several professions, including shopkeeping and blacksmithing, but finally decided to study law and pursue political office. Lincoln educated himself in the law, as he had done previously with mathematics and grammar, and in 1836 he passed the bar examination. Two years earlier, Lincoln had been elected on the Whig ticket to serve a total of 4 terms in the Illinois State Legislature, from 1834 to 1841. In 1836, Lincoln entered into a law partnership with John T. Stuart and settled in Springfield, Illinois. He later practiced with Stephen T. Logan, then William Herndon. Lincolns practice was quite successful, and he was considered one of the most distinguished lawyers in the state. He was described as fair and completely honest.While living in Springfield, Lincoln became acquainted with Mary Todd. Her family was considered part of the social aristocracy, and her father was a prominent banker. Although Lincoln broke off the engagement once, the two were finally married on November 4, 1842. Todd had a difficult disposition; nevertheless the couple had a fairly successful marriage and enjoyed each others company. They had four children, but their son, Robert Todd, was the only child to reach adulthood.Lincoln served one term in Congress from 1847 to 1849, but his criticism of the Mexican War proved unpopular with his districts voters. He was not re-elected and was further disappointed when he was not named commissioner of the general land office by Zachary Taylor, as expected. Lincoln withdrew from politics for approximately five years and returned to his legal profession in Springfield.However, in 1854, Lincoln became alarmed when Stephen A. Douglas, a former political rival, introduced a bill to reopen the entire Louisiana Purchase to slavery. Lincoln was vehemently opposed to this bill. Although Lincoln was neither an abolitionist, or in favour of slavery, he did not believe slavery should be permitt ed in the new territories. In 1858, Lincoln became a senatorial candidate for the newly founded Republican party. Although he was defeated, the public debates between Lincoln and Douglas increased his public recognition. During one of these debates, Lincoln declared the famous words, A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe the government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.In 1860, Lincoln was nominated by the Republican Party for the presidency. He was elected on November 6 and took the oath of office on March 4, 1861. The country faced many problems before Lincoln took office. South Carolina had withdrawn from the Union and other states soon followed. The majority of Lincolns presidency focused on the war of secession, and throughout it all, Lincoln vowed to preserve the Union.One of Lincolns greatest difficulties was finding capable generals. He experimented with various personnel, including George B. McClellan, John Pope, Ambrose E. Burnside, Joseph Hooker, and George Gordon Meade. In 1864, Lincoln found him in Ulysses S. Grant and entrusted command of all the Federal armies to him.On January 1, 1863, Lincoln delivered the final version of the famous Emancipation Proclamation, and with it, added the idea of freedom for all men to the battle cry of the war. The proclamation ultimately led to the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.Lincoln was re-elected in 1864 over the Democratic opponent, General McClellan, and by the spring of 1865, the Union had won the war. Several days after the Union victory, Lincoln attended a play at Fords Theatre in Washington DC. As he sat in the theatre, Lincoln was shot by assassin John Wilkes Booth. Abraham Lincoln died in the early morning hours of April 15, 1865.Robert E Lee: (1807-1870), brilliant Confederate general, whose military genius was probably the greatest single factor in keeping the Confederacy alive through the four years of the American Civil War.Lee was born o n January 19, 1807, in Stratford, Virginia, the son of Henry Lee, and was educated at the United States Military Academy. He graduated second in his class in 1829, receiving a commission as second lieutenant in the engineers. He became first lieutenant in 1836, and captain in 1838. He distinguished himself in the battles of the Mexican-American War and was wounded in the storming of Chapultepec in 1847; for his meritorious service he received his third brevet promotion in rank. He became superintendent of the US Military Academy and was later appointed colonel of cavalry. He was in command of the Department of Texas in 1860, and, early the following year was summoned to Washington, D.C., when war between the states seemed imminent. President Abraham Lincoln offered him the field command of the Union forces, but Lee declined.On April 20, three days after Virginia seceded from the Union, he submitted his resignation from the US Army. On April 23 he became commander in chief of the mil itary and naval forces of Virginia. For a year he was military adviser to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America, and was then placed in command of the army in northern Virginia. In 1864 his pre-war home, Arlington House, had been confiscated by the Union army and, in a symbolic reproach to Lee, its grounds had been made into a cemetery for the Union dead (now the Arlington National Cemetery). In February 1865 Lee was made commander in chief of all Confederate armies; two months later the war was effectively ended by his surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. His great battles included those of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg.The masterly strategy of Lee was overcome by the superior resources and troop strength of the Union. His campaigns are almost universally studied in military schools as models of strategy and tactics. He had a capacity for anticipating the actions of his opponents and for comprehendin g their weaknesses. He made skilful use of interior lines of communication and kept a convex front towards the enemy, so that his reinforcements, transfers, and supplies could reach their destination over short, direct routes. His greatest contribution to military practice, however, was his use of field fortifications as aids to manoeuvring. He recognized that a small body of soldiers, protected by entrenchments, can hold an enemy force of many times their number, while the main body outflanks the enemy or attacks a smaller force elsewhere. In his application of this principle Lee was years ahead of his time; the tactic was not fully understood or generally adopted until the 20th century.Lee applied for but was never granted the official post-war amnesty. He accepted the presidency of Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, in the autumn of 1865; within a few years it had become an outstanding institution. He died there on October 12, 1870. In 1975 Lees citizenship wa s restored posthumously by an act of the US Congress.The Life of a HistorianMathew Brady arrived in New York City at the age of sixteen. Soon after taking a job as a department store clerk, he started his own small business manufacturing jewellery cases. In his spare time, Brady studied photography under a number of teachers, including Samuel F. B. Morse, the man who had recently introduced photography to America. Brady quickly discovered a natural gift. By 1844, he had his own photography studio in New York.Brady soon acquired a reputation as one of Americas greatest photographers producer of portraits of the famous. In 1856, he opened a studio in Washington, D.C., the better to photograph the nations leaders and foreign dignitaries. As he himself said, From the first, I regarded myself as under obligation to my country to preserve the faces of its historic men and mothers. He became one of the first photographers to use photography to chronicle national history.At the peak of his success as a portrait photographer, Brady turned his attention to the Civil War. Planning to document the war on a grand scale, he organized a corps of photographers to follow the troops in the field. Friends tried to discourage him, citing battlefield dangers and financial risks, but Brady persisted. He later said, I had to go. A spirit in my feet said Go, and I went.Mathew Brady did not actually shoot many of the Civil War photographs attributed to him. More of a project manager, he spent most of his time supervising his corps of traveling photographers, preserving their negatives and buying others from private photographers freshly returned from the battlefield, so that his collection would be as comprehensive as possible. When photographs from his collection were published, whether printed by Brady or adapted as engravings in publications, they were credited Photograph by Brady, although they were actually the work of many people.In 1862, Brady shocked America by displaying his photographs of battlefield corpses from Antietam, posting a sign on the door of his New York gallery that read, The Dead of Antietam. This exhibition marked the first time most people witnessed the carnage of war. The New York Times said that Brady had brought home to us the terrible reality and earnestness of war.After the Civil War, Brady found that war-weary Americans were no longer interested in purchasing photographs of the recent bloody conflict. Having risked his fortune on his Civil War enterprise, Brady lost the gamble and fell into bankruptcy. His negatives were neglected until 1875, when Congress purchased the entire archive for $25,000. Bradys debts swallowed the entire sum. He died in 1896, penniless and unappreciated. In his final years, Brady said, No one will ever know what I went through to secure those negatives. The world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole course of my life.Despite his financial failure, Mathew Brady had a great and lasting effect on t he art of photography. His war scenes demonstrated that photographs could be more than posed portraits, and his efforts represent the first instance of the comprehensive photo-documentation of a war.Why was the Union Army victorious over the Confederates?It was foreseeable that the union would be triumphant over the confederates. In 1850 there were 22 states that made up the union, which had a joint population of 22 million. The 11 states that made up the Southern states had only a combined population of 9 million including 4 million black slaves. Most of the factories that were capable of producing war materials and weapons were located in the North. The south only had one mill for making gunpowder. The North had vast numbers of railroads and a merchant marine. They could maintain worldwide commerce. The South had many farms but they could not export their products because they had few ships and their main ports were usually closed during the war.During the war the South had mostly the superior field commanders. Although Robert E Lee was superior to every Northern general except Grant, he was defeated when Grant used overwhelming numbers and determination to crush his forces. In the west, no general in the South was a much for the generals of the North, who were Grant, Sherman, and Thomas. In the naval part of the civil war the Union navy was unmatched.In the long term, the superior numbers and equipment of the North ultimately determined the outcome of the American Civil War. The Southern armies kept the Northern armies at bay until the Battle of Gettysburg in 1865, which was the turning point of the war. Lincolns support of democracy also had an affect on the outcome on the war. The emancipation Proclamation had prevented any foreign country to help the South. In the North the majority of the people wanted the restoration of the American Union.

How to Decline an Offer of Admission to Graduate School

How to Decline an Offer of Admission to Graduate School If you were accepted to a school that you no longer wish to attend, youll have to consider writing a graduate school rejection letter. Perhaps it was not your first choice, or you found a better fit. Theres nothing wrong in declining the offer- it happens all the time. Just make sure to take action and be prompt in your response. Tips on Declining a Grad School Offer Here are a few things to keep in mind: Respond soon: Once you know the school is out, do not delay. Once you give up your spot, it may open up for someone else who really wants to attend that college or university. Plus, it looks bad not to respond at all- especially because the admissions committee devoted their time to evaluating your credentials.Keep it short:  You dont owe the university or college an explanation; just politely and briefly decline the offer (see the template below for wording ideas).Thank them: You may want to thank the admissions committee for their time. You never know when you may encounter one of the members during your career, so keep it nice.Dont disclose more than you need to:  You are not responsible for telling the school which college or university you will be attending. They may ask, but likely not.  Check it off:  You may not need to write a letter at all- some universities and colleges let you check a box declining their offer or do it with a few clicks online. Thanks, But No Thanks After you are done carefully considering all of your options and youre ready to decline the offer, how exactly do you word it? Responding with a short grad school rejection letter will do. This can be an email or a printed letter. Try something along the lines of the following. Dear Dr. Smith (or Admissions Committee): I am writing in response to your offer of admission to the Clinical Psychology program at Graduate University. I appreciate your interest in me, but I regret to inform you that I will not be accepting your offer of admission. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Rebecca R. Student Remember to be polite. Academia is a very small world. You likely will encounter faculty and students from that program sometime during your career. If your message declining the offer of admission is rude, you may be remembered for the wrong reasons.

How to Make Tris Buffer Solution for Medical or Lab Use

How to Make Tris Buffer Solution for Medical or Lab Use Buffer solutions are water-based liquids that include both a weak acid and its conjugate base. Because of their chemistry, buffer solutions can keep pH (acidity) at a nearly-constant level even when chemical changes are taking place. Buffer systems occur in nature, but they are also extremely useful in chemistry. Uses for Buffer Solutions In organic systems, natural buffer solutions keep pH at a consistent level, making it possible for biochemical reactions to occur without harming the  organism. When biologists study biological processes, they must maintain the same consistent pH; to do so they used prepared buffer solutions. Buffer solutions were first described  in 1966; many of the same buffers are used today.  Ã‚   To be useful, biological buffers must meet several criteria. Specifically, they should be water soluble but not soluble in organic solvents. They should not be able to pass through cell membranes. In addition, they must be non-toxic, inert, and stable throughout any experiments for which they are used. Buffer solutions occur naturally in blood plasma, which is why blood maintains a consistent pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Buffer solutions are also used in: fermentation processesdying fabricschemical analysiscalibration of pH metersDNA extraction What Is Tris Buffer Solution? Tris is short for  tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, a chemical compound which is often used in saline because it is isotonic and non-toxic. Because it has a Tris has a pKa of 8.1 and a pH level between 7 and 9, Tris buffer solutions are also commonly used in a range of chemical analyses and procedures including DNA extraction. It is important to know that pH in tris buffer solution does change with the temperature of the solution. Emeldir  / Wikimedia Commons /  CC0 1.0 How to Prepare Tris Buffer It is easy to find commercially available tris buffer solution, but it is possible to make it yourself with the appropriate equipment. Materials: Calculate the amount of each item you need based on the molar concentration of the solution you want and the quantity of buffer you need. tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane  distilled deionized waterHCl Procedure: Start by  determining what concentration (molarity) and volume of Tris buffer you want to make. For example, Tris  buffer solution  used  for  saline  varies from 10 to 100 mM.  Once you have decided what you are making, calculate the number of moles of Tris that are required by multiplying the molar concentration of buffer by the volume of the buffer that is being made.  (moles of Tris mol/L x L)Next, determine how many grams of Tris this is by multiplying the number of moles by the molecular weight of Tris (121.14 g/mol).  Ã‚  grams of Tris (moles) x (121.14 g/mol)Dissolve the Tris into the distilled deionized water, 1/3 to 1/2 of your desired final volume.Mix in HCl (e.g., 1M HCl) until the pH meter gives you the desired pH for your Tris buffer solution.Dilute the buffer with water to reach the desired final volume of solution. Once the solution has been prepared, it can be stored for months in a sterile location at room temperature. Tris buffer solutions long shelf life is possible because the solution does not contain any proteins.

Advertisement appeals as put forth by fowles Essay

Advertisement appeals as put forth by fowles - Essay Example The consumers develop resistance to the adverts of which the advertisement agencies try to use different appeals to reach out to the consumers. The level of penetration depends on the willingness of the consumer to listen or watch the advertisement appeals. Advertisement Appeals as Put Forth By Fowles According to Fowles (2) the advertisers make efforts to thwart the rational, guarded, doubtful clout acquired by the consumers when choosing the brands to buy. Most consumers develop a certain clout around their thinking which the advertisers try as much as possible to avoid. In doing so, the advertisers make effort to appeal to the consumers to prevent reacting without thinking but to pay attention to the fundamental ideas or information being passed through the adverts. This helps the advertisers to realize their main objectives in the advertisement campaigns. There is the utilization of the subliminal plea. This refers to the remarks which are directed to the conditions as well as th inking amongst the merchandisers. It is noted that most buyers and consumers are normally resistant to adverts or develop some form of opposition to the adverts. According to various studies most Americans are exposed to different forms of adverts which come in different media such as the televisions, radio, newspaper, billboards, and direct mails among other media. The consumers try their best to develop a filter in regard to which adverts to listen to or read or watch and which ones to ignore. The advertisers make efforts to be tactical in order to get access to the subconscious mind. Moreover, the advertisers make use of the personality appeal and the need to nurture. This is because there is a presumption that the character of consumers is unique. It also presumes that human beings have different range of unmet urges or desires which must be fulfilled through the advertisements aired over the media. There are appeals such as tenderness, ambitions, lust and susceptibility hence t hey seek resolution. By use of the personality appeal, these mental appeals must be met in order to be receptive to the advertisements being aired over the media. Nevertheless, it always difficult to penetrate through these unfulfilled desires of which other types of appeals must be used to supplement this form of appeal to the consumers. In addition, advertisers make efforts to appeal to the consumers by use of the exceptionally selected pictures of images. This is meant to trigger the shell of consciousness the consumers have developed. The images may be that of celebrities identified by the consumers, female models or very nice looking children. Some make use of the text while the majority makes use of the artwork. It is in the assumption that visual adverts are best appropriate for more primeval parts of the brain system. The consumers can easily be hooked when this form of appeal is combined with impression of satisfaction for stated intention. However, most adverts are always prejudged by the consumers with the type of content in the sense that majority tend to give the impression that if the consumers lack something, they have a solution or substitute for fulfilling their desires. Another form of appeal for most adverts that are aired over the media is the intense running force in the thoughts of the consumers. In line with this form of appeal is the creation of near permanent attachment to the products or services being merchandized. The identity of products, their producer, forms of packaging and the aims that are attached to its usage. The consumers have to be made aware of the most trivial details

Article Summary and Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Summary and Critique - Essay Example Authors present an institutional support model based on their experiences with the HBLI program. It refers the key areas that need development. The model covers the financial, moral, mentorship and technical support issues. Most of the Mexican American students are from lower middle class families. Hence, they need substantial financial support to complete their doctoral degrees. Moral support and cultural bonding can be enhanced by organizing various social activities among the students. Presence of Mexican American staff will allow them to connect and relate with the faculty. Guidance by the Mexican American faculty, acting as their mentors, will also be very encouraging and helpful. Lack of proper technical support is another factor that should be taken care of. All these factors were taken into account by HBLI in their programs and resulted in significant progress. The authors conclude that cooperation of the staff of the universities and their faith in the abilities of Mexican A merican students can boost up the number of doctoral degree holders. The authors are Mexican American doctorate degree holders themselves. They were part of the HBLI Doctoral Fellowship Program.

Case Management Essay Example for Free

Case Management Essay Workflow, Business Process Management and the management of Unstructured Documents Plethora of unstructured documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, images, XML components, videos, podcasts, email messages that exists around in a large enterprise and it represents the enterprise’s information assets. The problem is that in today’s competitive environment there is an ever increasing generation and use of unstructured electronic documents. It has become highly imperative that there has to be an enterprise wide lifecycle management of these documents which can enable the workers to access the documents in a relative business context. Many product companies and experts dealing in the area of content management and business process management have proposed that a semantic relation is to be derived between documents and business domain. Thus, the semantic network that eventually gets formed will result in efficient search and filtering of these unstructured documents. Types of data: Structured and unstructured data People use and create unstructured data on daily basis. Although they may not be aware, people create, store, retrieve unstructured data in the form of emails, word documents, excel spreadsheets and other forms. The unstructured content has no data type as such so it requires human intervention to tag the data with some relevant keywords and meta tags so that it can be read by machines and applications. Structured data is also being used by people and such data is easily managed by technology being allowed for querying and reporting as the data type is predetermined and relationships are explicit. There are two categories of unstructured data: 1) Bitmap Objects: Images, videos, audio and other non-language based files 2) Textual Objects: Word documents, Spreadsheets, Emails and other written or printed language documents Most of these object types can’t be tapped easily to extract relevant information by technology or methodology as technology today can only address textual objects. With the advent of technologies like Enterprise Content Management (ECM), it has become possible to address unstructured data. Data mining and other analysis tools exist to query and analyze structured data. However, the challenge remains in bringing both the worlds of structured and unstructured data together. Once when they are brought together is when the most value can be derived and gained but this is where the highest level of challenge exists. Few challenges are listed below: 1) Irrespective of having the data in a word document format it may not be consumable from a semantic level perspective 2) A compatible technology may not be able to give insight in to the context of the information unless it is read 3) The way we interpret is largely subjective Organizational Challenges Today the organizations are inherently complex in structure and the departments are loosely connected while they work in isolation. They only come together when there is a need which leads to an internally disconnected approach. These large organizations need to be responsive to the customer and market needs. In order to be responsive they need to be agile and flexible when it comes to leveraging their matrix management structure as a whole. This can pose some long term as well as short term challenges. The path to overcome these challenges is to have follow business process which entail the entire organizations. In most organizations, wherever the business processes exist they tend to be isolated to a specific department and are usually manual. This leads to manifestation of various management and operational challenges. Some of the consequences that come up due to these challenges are listed below: 1) Due to inaccurate and untimely information generated as a result of isolated units of an organization, it becomes difficult for management and employees to take correct decisions 2) As information may not be aligned to business context or a business process it may lead to inconsistent decisions 3) Broken or incomplete workflows lead to generation of inconsistent and poor information 4) IT systems may act as inhibitors even if they support business processes when they lack system integration that would hide a single view of the information 5) Strict business rules, policies and procedures can lead to delay in fetching important information Organization and business process alignment These hurdles and challenges which the organization faces are due to factors such as inflexible procedures, legacy infrastructure, orthodox management which include: 1) Manual approach even when business processes and frameworks exist 2) IT enablers found in departments and functional silos making information sharing and gathering labour intensive and tedious 3) IT and other infrastructure is maintained centrally which may not provide quick solutions and service to meet the requirement of internal users 4) As organization is dependent on vendors or contractors for maintenance, support and development of IT and other infrastructure it raises issues of managing changes by themselves. Organizations need to orient themselves around process rather than functionally. They have the necessary infrastructure and technology in place but the challenge is to align all of it together using business processes. Aligning the organization to business processes and automating the same will help in solving decision making bottlenecks and will integrate functions, departments, core systems to deliver measurable business value. As of now most of the organizations, have IT infrastructure which comprise of applications that address each department separately. These departments may have business processes that cater to the purpose of the department specific function but this may lead to creation of unstructured and structured data in isolation from other departments defeating the purpose of one goal of the organization. Due to lack of integration between department’s applications and business processes it leads to creation of islands of redundant information for each department. Knowing that there is duplicate information across various applications residing in various departments there will be multiple points of integration which makes it even more complicated. There is a requirement of point to point integration to resolve this. This increases business risk, delivery costs and it becomes even more important to retain existing talent who can handle the data and information well. IT challenge On drilling down, the problem of not being able to use unstructured data along with structured data semantically whilst the data is specific to each department’s function and not business process of the organization is a challenge for the IT support department of organizations. Integration of silo applications and automated business processes across departments with respect to the overall business context pose many intricacies which makes it is a very challenging and a costly exercise for the IT function. Few of the reasons are listed below: 1) Laborious task to integrate a variety of business processes and applications 2) Changes in particular to each function may become difficult to replicate across the organization each time 3) Data across functions can’t be normalized due to existence of data in multiple format 4) Data inconsistencies due to unavailability of an information master leads to dependency on data stored on spreadsheets These kind of challenges have typically no end so a comprehensive solution has to be worked out which is robust and serves the goal of the organization by delivering value flawlessly. Workflow Model, Business Process Management (BPM) and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) It is Workflow Automation and a Business Process Management System that will solve the business and technical problems that have been described in this paper so far. A workflow model is automation or a semi-automation of business processes. On the other hand Business Process Management is a method for managing the workflow model while continuously evaluating its performance and closing the feedback loop. Business processes form the nervous system of an organization or an enterprise. Business Process Management (BPM) is a discipline that empowers an organization to analyze, automate, re-design, streamline, monitor and improve business process while providing end to end visibility and control from technology to people. An organization has numerous business processes which take place every now and then. They may be simple or complex and may rely on unstructured data. For e. g. Banks have a business process to process the fresh loans application, local retailer has a business process to order new inventory and more. Business processes are the means which enable people, system and information to work simultaneously in order to meet organizations’ goals. However, it is not as easy as it sounds. Consider an example where in an insurance company the claim officials need digital photos to process a claim, customer representative need customer records and statements, accounts personnel need invoice approvals to disburse the required amount. To address such multi dimensional situation companies are resorting to capabilities of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) which is Business Process Management (BPM) to integrate, optimize, and automate processes and information. This solution enables organizations to make timely and accurate decisions. Together BPM and ECM businesses are able to deal with explosion of business related content which in turn helps them in becoming nimble and agile. Primarily, there are three changes that drive the need for businesses to become nimble and agile. They are: 1) Creation of islands of business relevant content internal and external to the organization 2) High maintenance cost of information created and stored by disparate sources 3) Incremental strain on IT to meet core business requirements while driving process innovation In response to these needs ECM and BPM enable organizations with the following: 1) Empower all employees to develop process centric solution 2) Quickly synchronize information from disparate internal as well external data sources 3) Couple processes and content to meet business requirements Businesses today need to use the content that is available across the business processes rather than letting it remain restricted under applications specific to a department or a function. Holistically, the content needs to be put to use for a greater benefit and a better ROI. Management of Unstructured Documents ECM has become one of the major software category post consolidation of various solutions like Document Management, Document Imaging, Web Content Management, Digital Asset Management while collaborating with BPM. It shouldn’t be treated as only a software category but can be primarily looked at as a strategy to manage all unstructured information – images, web content, media assets and records. Secondly, its job is to ensure that the content is put to use by the business users as per the business processes. The ECM solutions available today are built to support today’s dynamic requirements of the organization. They are scalable and high on performance when it comes to handling islands of new content and information with respect to complex business processes. Their design is such that they can integrate any kind of unstructured information with business processes and provide features such as process modelling, analytic capabilities, simulation and activity monitoring. They are also capable to handle process exceptions and can respond to demands for content from associates or customers. It is deduced that ECM as a technology and as a strategy enable information management professionals to manage the unstructured information in the organization to reduce risk, improve productivity in order to bring customer delight. Market Overview Organizations are increasingly adopting ECM to manage the increasing volume and growing diversity of unstructured content which now represents around 80% of the information residing in the enterprise. The opportunity identified is to devote similar rigor to unstructured data as being given to structured data. The market for ECM registered a double digit growth between the year 2004 to 2007 but it slowed down to single digit in 2008 primarily due to recessionary conditions. As per data gathered by Gartner, around $3. 3bn was collected as license and maintenance revenue for ECM. The ECM market has forecasted compounded annual growth rate of 9. 5% through till 2013. It is expected that the revenue generated from ECM markets worldwide would exceed $5. 1bn by 2013. The ECM market has seen major consolidation between the periods of 2003 to 2007. Large players such as IBM, Oracle, EMC have been acquiring companies to capitalize in this space. For example, EMC went on spree acquiring Legato, Document, Captiva and Document Sciences. Autonomy acquired Interwoven and Open Text purchased Vignette to become the largest independent vendors in this space competing directly with Microsoft’s Sharepoint. Market Drivers In spite of the recession which forced businesses to refrain from technology spending, the ECM market remained insulated from it for the following reasons: 1) Increase in volume and complexity of content is the reason for concern and investments in ECM henceforth 2) Pricing pressure from open-source vendors stimulating higher demand 3) It targets the overall ROI of the organization As there is a need to manage risks that come along with tonnes of paper and vast variety of digital content, a focus has been brought on governance and content rationalization. Vendors are addressing this by providing different stakeholders or customers with products that serve their purpose while keeping in mind the overall business processes of the organization. Recognizing this focus area many enterprises have become conscious about the lifecycle, access management, availability and cost of the content. There has been a slowdown in the ECM market due to the recessionary climate as it made the decision makers cautious about investments. In a research conducted by Gartner it was noticed that during this period companies have started looking for a thorough business case and ROI justifications for any kind of technology expenditure. However this could also turn out to be positive for the ECM market as these are the times when the organizations will realize the benefits of ECM solutions and frameworks. Conclusion Business Process Management and Workflow are not about moving documents across departments. It is about aligning businesses to their core processes and they provide the catalyst to exploit knowledge base to provide improved customer service. Thus, help in delivering measurable bottom line benefits in variety of business cases. List of References Toby Bell, Karen M. Shegda, Mark R. Gilbert, Kenneth Chin, Mick MacComascaigh. ( October, 2009), Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Content Management http://www. gartner. com/technology/media-products/reprints/microsoft/vol10/article3/article3.html, Gartner Hakan Akbas (August 2009), Consolidation in the Enterprise Content Management Industry Who Will Be Next Autonomy or Open Text? http://www. cmswire. com/cms/enterprise-cms/consolidation-in-the-enterprise-content-management-industry-who-will-be-next-autonomy-or-open-text-part-i-005174. php, Cmswire Icon Resources and technologies ( 2007), Document/Business Process Management http://www. iconresources. com/new/irt_bps. html Hinnerk Brugmann, ConSense: Management of unstructured Documents using semantic Meta-Information http://www.wi2. uni-erlangen. de/index. php? id=consense PNMSOFT, Sequence and Sharepoint, http://www. pnmsoft. com/sharepoint_workflow_integration. aspx PNMSOFT, SEQUENCE BPM workflow software platform, http://www. pnmsoft. com/sequence_bpm_workflow. aspx Rivet Logic Corporation (October 2008), Enterprise Content Management 2. 0: The Case for an Open Source Approach http://viewer. bitpipe. com/viewer/viewDocument. do? accessId=12186060, Bitpipe Research Kyle McNabb (March 2008), Enterprise Content Management http://www. forrester.com/rb/Research/topic_overview_enterprise_content_management/q/id/40327/t/2, Forrester Research Ann All (March 2010), Case Management Is Step Forward in BPM Evolution , http://www. itbusinessedge. com/cm/community/features/interviews/blog/case-management-is-step-forward-in-bpm-evolution/? cs=39882page=2 Strategy Partners (2003), Business Process Management and Workflow, http://www. aiim. org. uk/download_files/aiimuserguides/5_BPM_and_Workflow. pdf, AIIM International – ECM Association Barclay T. Blair (October 2004), An Enterprise Content Management Primer, The Information Management Journal

Essay --

In a Peloponnesian town of Phlius, Echecrates encounters Phaedo, one of the men present during Socrates' final hours. Echecrates presses Phaedo to tell what happened. A number of Socrates' friends were gathered in his cell, including his old friend Crito and two Pythagorean philosophers, Simmias and Cebes. The account begins with Socrates proposing that though suicide is wrong, a true philosopher should look forward to death. The soul, Socrates asserts, is immortal and the philosopher spends his life training it to detach itself from the needs of the body. In Phaedo by Plato, Socrates provides four arguments for this claim: the opposites, recollection, affinity between the forms and the soul, and the argument that essentially brings life with it can never die. Plato uses the from opposites to support his idea uses the first argument for the immortality of the soul. Socrates repondes with two general statements,list statements then applies these hypotheses to life, death, and the soul. Socrates’ first general statement is that change is between contraries. The hard becomes soft and objects which are soft hardens or becomes hard. The cold becomes hot and the hot becomes cold. The sick become healthy and the healthy become sick. All things, come to be from their opposite; for example, a tall man becomes tall only because he was short before. Similarly, death is the opposite of life, and so living things come to be out of dead things and vice versa. This implies that there is a cycle of life and death. Thus, when we die, we do not stay dead, but come back to life after a period of time. The second general statement is that if both contraries continue to exist. In the world, there must be change in both directions. Therefore, if ther... ...e soul participates in the Form of Life. Like fire, the soul will have to resist its opposite, the Form of Death, to exist. Furthermore, for a soul to exist, it has the ontological necessity of being undying immortal just as the number 3 to be considered odd has the ontological necessity of being uneven. Therefore, while the soul is contained inside the body and the body is subject to death, the soul eschews death in order to exist from one life to the next. In conclusion, In Phaedo, Plato is using Socrates to put his own philosophical views. Socrates relies on four arguments to convince his friends of the soul's immortality. Also, Plato demonstrates that how Socrates uses human reason. Socrates uses Plato's theory of Forms is pivotal in Socrates' final attempt to prove the immortality of the soul. By using four arguments for to prove the immorality of the soul. Essay -- In a Peloponnesian town of Phlius, Echecrates encounters Phaedo, one of the men present during Socrates' final hours. Echecrates presses Phaedo to tell what happened. A number of Socrates' friends were gathered in his cell, including his old friend Crito and two Pythagorean philosophers, Simmias and Cebes. The account begins with Socrates proposing that though suicide is wrong, a true philosopher should look forward to death. The soul, Socrates asserts, is immortal and the philosopher spends his life training it to detach itself from the needs of the body. In Phaedo by Plato, Socrates provides four arguments for this claim: the opposites, recollection, affinity between the forms and the soul, and the argument that essentially brings life with it can never die. Plato uses the from opposites to support his idea uses the first argument for the immortality of the soul. Socrates repondes with two general statements,list statements then applies these hypotheses to life, death, and the soul. Socrates’ first general statement is that change is between contraries. The hard becomes soft and objects which are soft hardens or becomes hard. The cold becomes hot and the hot becomes cold. The sick become healthy and the healthy become sick. All things, come to be from their opposite; for example, a tall man becomes tall only because he was short before. Similarly, death is the opposite of life, and so living things come to be out of dead things and vice versa. This implies that there is a cycle of life and death. Thus, when we die, we do not stay dead, but come back to life after a period of time. The second general statement is that if both contraries continue to exist. In the world, there must be change in both directions. Therefore, if ther... ...e soul participates in the Form of Life. Like fire, the soul will have to resist its opposite, the Form of Death, to exist. Furthermore, for a soul to exist, it has the ontological necessity of being undying immortal just as the number 3 to be considered odd has the ontological necessity of being uneven. Therefore, while the soul is contained inside the body and the body is subject to death, the soul eschews death in order to exist from one life to the next. In conclusion, In Phaedo, Plato is using Socrates to put his own philosophical views. Socrates relies on four arguments to convince his friends of the soul's immortality. Also, Plato demonstrates that how Socrates uses human reason. Socrates uses Plato's theory of Forms is pivotal in Socrates' final attempt to prove the immortality of the soul. By using four arguments for to prove the immorality of the soul.

Cory Ng Edsa Reaction

TITLE: Twilight Saga; Breaking Dawn AUTHOR: Stephenie Meyer DATE BOOK WAS PUBLISHED: August 2, 2008 GENRE: Fantasy, Action and Romance I. SUMMARY MAIN CHARACTERS (a few words about them) Isabella Swan – Isabella, who prefers to be called Bella, is a 17-year-old girl. She leaves Phoenix, Arizona to live with her father in Forks, Washington so her mother can travel with her new husband. She meets Edward Cullen in Forks High School and is immediately attracted to him. She later confesses to Edward what she has learned about him, which he admits to; they venture into their forbidden love, with Edward fighting against his thirst for Bella's blood.Bella has a kind and awkward personality that is more mature than most girls her age. She is highly intelligent and observant, noticing and then formulating theories about the Cullens' strange behaviors, physical features, and unusual abilities. At the novel's beginning, Bella finds, â€Å"the hardest part is making a decision, but once t he decision is made, she can easily follow. † As the novel progresses, Bella unconsciously learns how to make difficult choices and accept their consequences. Edward Cullen – Edward is a 104-year-old vampire who was transformed by Carlisle Cullen when he was near death with Spanish Influenza in 1918.He has a supernatural gift for reading people's minds. When he met Bella, he was immediately attracted to her because her thoughts are unreadable to him, and also to her strongly appealing blood scent. Edward tries to avoid Bella for own her safety, but fails. He notices Bella's attraction to him and warns her that he is dangerous. Eventually, he confesses the truth about himself to her. Since Edward's transformation into a vampire, he had never fallen in love nor believed that he needed to. He later realizes that his existence was completely pointless and without an aim.In Bella he finds compassion, love, acceptance and care. In Twilight, Edward has a pessimistic personalit y influenced by Meyer's naturally pessimistic character. His character was also influenced by Mr. Rochester of Jane Eyre who also sees himself as a monster. James – James is a vampire with an exceptional ability to track people, whether humans or vampires. His competitive character loves a challenge, and Bella's appealing scent incite him. When the Cullens react to defend her, James wants to take on biggest game of his life—hunting Bella, knowing the Cullens will oppose him.James tracks Bella to Phoenix, and phones her to say that he has taken her mother hostage in a nearby ballet studio. Bella goes there, unaware that her mother is actually safe in Florida. In the studio, James bites Bella, injecting his venom into her wrist. The Cullens arrive in time to save her and destroy James. PLOT The story begins when, The first chapter, entitled â€Å"Engaged†, starts off a few days before the wedding while Edward is off hunting leaving Bella home without him. Bella is driving a new expensive sports car, a Mercedes-Benz s600 Guardian.Edward gave it to her because her old '53 Chevy finally died. When she stops at a gas station, two men admire her car and tell her that the car hasn't been released in the United States or Europen yet. She then goes home. Bella stays in her car and uses the cell phone, that again Edward bought her, to call Seth Clearwater, a werewolf who Edward is now friends with after they fought Victoria. She asks how Jacob Black is doing. Seth tells her that Jacob, still is in his wolf form, is somewhere in Northern Canada and that he is not coming home.Bella is upset, because she just wants to see him again. She then has recollections of the night that she told Charlie about her engagement. When Bella had finally had the courage to tell her father, Charlie just assumed that Bella was pregnant. He also laughed hysterically when he realized how Bella's mother, Renee would react. But Bella's Mom took the news well, and even offer t o help with the wedding plans! Bella was shocked! When Bella goes inside the house Alice is fitting Charlie into his tuxedo for the wedding, and then says that it's Bella's turn.While she is being fitted by Alice, Bella thinks about Edward, and how nice it will be after the wedding, and the honeymoon. The wedding then comes and goes rather quickly, and the book speeds into the honeymoon. Edward takes her to Isle Esme, a present from Carlisle to Esme, off the coast of Brazil. Edward also grants Bella's wish and makes love to her. The next day they argue because Edward's passion leaves dark bruises all over Bella's body. Although Bella doesn't care about the injuries, he insists that they spend their days doing tiring activities to make her too tired for nything at night. Meanwhile, she has a dream about a small, green-eyed boy that she feels compelled to protect. Bella also finds herself constantly hungry and sick It is only until she sees a box of unused tampons that she packed that she realized that she is pregnant. She automatically becomes attached to the baby, even thought it will kill her, and Edward is worried. They rush home to the Cullen mansion, but Bella has called upon Rosalie to help protect her baby, so Edward is not allowed to go through with an abortion. Most of the story takes place (when and where)Most of the story of Breaking Dawn takes place in Forks, Washington at the Cullen house and in Bella and Edward's new cottage in the woods. There's also a short jump to Isle Esme, just off the coast of Brazil, where Edward and Bella spend their honeymoon. The main events and problems that happen are Bella and Edward get married and have a kid together. The volturi try to kill the kid but it ends up being okay. The problem in this story is when Bella becomes pregnant with Edward's child during honey moon and once Edward tells her they will get rid of it she calls Rosalie for help.She loves this baby even though it is just in her stomach at the moment and even though the baby is killing her she won't get rid of it and if anyone tries, Rosalie will take care of them. After Bella's baby is born the Volturi decide that they need to get rid of the Cullens as they are gaining too much power. They realise that saying Bella's baby is unsafe to the world of vampires and keeping it a secret would be a perfect oportunity to do this. So the Volturi come and instead of the usual fighting battle it is a battle of the minds. The story end whenWell, in the last part of Breaking Dawn†¦ Bella and Edward tuck their daughter, Renesmee, to bed. It was a happy ending The Volturi left the Cullen in peace thanks to Alice! Edward heard Bella's thought for the first time as she learnt how to push away her shield for a few seconds. And Renesmee will be with Edward and Bella FOREVER!! II. AUTHORS MAIN IDEA I think the author was trying to say that, that never lose hope just because things are really bad III. SPECIAL FEATURE One part of the book that m akes it special (or weakens it) is, When Bella and Edward get married. IV. YOUR OPINIONThis book made me feel that, Life can bring you surprises , but tou must nit give up 🙂 Wait until marriage before you have sex. No abortion, prasie your child, save and protect your child at all costs. Defend what is right, what you believe in. Help your friends defend what is right, what they believe in. and Good triumphs over evil. I would/would not recommend this book beacause, I would recommend this book because it is very interesting. We can learn many things about fantasy like vampires, how they live in their life everyday. So we should spend time reading books so we can develop our comprehensive skills.

Influences of the Forrester Effect and the Bullwhip Effect

A supply chain management is the broad concept which includes the management of the entire supply chain from the supplier of raw materials through the manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer to the end consumer. However, certain dynamics exist among firms in the supply chain thereby causing inaccuracies and volatility of orders from the retailer to the primary suppliers and that these cause for operations, say, readjustments further upstream in the supply chain. The Forrester effect and the bullwhip effect influence the supply chain directly or indirectly through the components in the supply chain like manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, and customers in many ways. Bullwhip effect, also known as Forrester effect occurs when the demand order changes in the supply chain are amplified as they moved up the supply chain. It is termed as bullwhip effect because of the large magnitude of disturbances in the chain caused by a small disturbance at one end of the chain.Thus, in a typical supply chain for a consumer product, with less sales variation, there seem to be a pronounced variability in the retailers' orders to the wholesalers. Considerably, four major causes of the bullwhip effect have been identified. These are: 1. Demand forecast updating: this is the readjustment of demand forecasts by upstream managers as a result of future product demand signal. Forecasting is usually based on the order history from a company's immediate customers.Traditionally,every company in a supply chain usually prepares product forecasting for its production scheduling, capacity planning, inventory control and material requirement planning. It is contended that the signal from demand forecasting is a major contributor to the bullwhip effect. For example, if a manager uses, say, exponential smoothing (future forecast is always updated as demand increases) the order sent to the supplier reflects the amount needed to replenish the stocks to meet the requirements for future demands and safety stocks which might be considered necessary. 2. Order batching: Companies place orders with upstream organisations in a supply chain, using some inventory monitoring or control. As demand comes in, inventory is depleted but the company may not immediately place an order with the supplier. It often batches or accumulates demands before issuing an order. Sometimes the supplier cannot handle frequent order processing because of the substantial time and cost involved so instead of ordering frequently, companies may order weekly or fortnightly. This leads to two forms of order batching; periodic and pushing ordering. Many manufacturers place purchase orders with suppliers when they run their materials requirement planning (MRP) systems monthly; resulting in monthly ordering with suppliers. This is a periodic ordering. As an illustration, for a company that places orders once a month from its suppliers, the supplier faces a highly erratic stream of orders. Demands go up at one time during the month, followed by no demands for the rest of the month. This periodic ordering amplifies distortions and disruptions and contributes to the bullwhip effect. A similar effect becomes prevalent in push ordering phenomenon.Here, a company experiences regular surge in demand. As a result, customers ‘push' orders on the company periodically. Although the periodic surges in demand by some customers would be insignificant suppose all ordering are not made at the same time, however, it does not happen that way. The orders are more likely to overlap and cause the bullwhip effect to be felt most. 3. Price Fluctuations: Because of attractive offers like ‘buy one get one free'(BOGOF),price and quantity discounts, rebates and so on usually provided by manufacturers to distributors in the grocery industry, items are bought in advance of what is actually needed. This is referred to as ‘forward-buying' which is known to account for about $75bn to $100bn of inventory in the grocery industry in the United States. The result is that customers buy in bigger quantities that do not reflect their immediate needs with the view to stock for future use.Thus,these special price schemes, lead to speculative buying which is considered as costly to the supply chain. For example, Kotler reports that trade deals and consumer promotion constitute 47% and 28% of distributors and manufacturers respectively of their total promotion budgets. Considering a situation when a product's price is pegged low through the price schemes, more would be bought by the customer than actually needed. As the price returns to normal, the customer stops buying in order to use up its inventory. This triggers an irregular buying pattern of the customer which does not reflect its consumption pattern, and the variation of the buying quantities is much bigger than the variation of the consumption rate leading to the bullwhip effect or Forrester effect. Such a practice was called â€Å"the dumbest marketing ploy ever†. 4. Rationing and short gaming: rationing usually becomes the norm when demands exceed supply. Manufacturers allocate the amount in proportion to the amount ordered. During rationing customers exaggerate their real needs when they order for fear that the orders might be in short supply.Customers' overreaction in anticipation of shortages results when organisations and individuals make sound, rational economic decisions and ‘game' the potential rationing. The effect of this gaming is that little information is given to the supplier on the product's real demand by the customers' orders. The gaming practice is very common. Increases in orders are made not because of an increase in consumption but due to anticipation. Actually, the bullwhip or the Forrester effect is not just an economic error. Its influence on a company's supply chain management could be felt as well in a positive way. Thus, these four major causes of bullwhip effect somewhat influence or affect the supply chain management in number of ways: – Conflict between supply chain players. This is brought about as a result of no coordination amongst individual demand forecasts based on each supply chain player's sales history or strategy. – Large demand and supply fluctuations result in the need for high inventories to prevent stock outs. Because of the fluctuations in the supply chain, companies try to keep more stock than needed in order to avoid stock out and its attendant problems like loss of profit, customers and market share in some situations. – There is poor customer service as all demand might not be met. Customers are upset when their demands are not met especially from the suppliers they seem to rely on .This is as a result of the bullwhip effect. – Production scheduling and capacity planning becomes difficult due to large order swings. Because of the large distortions in demand due to bullwhip effect, capacity planning-the task of setting effective capacity of the operation in order that it can stand any demands placed on it-and production scheduling which is a detailed timetable in planning showing at what time or date jobs should start and when they should end to ensure that customers demand is met, are largely affected. This is known to usually affect several other performance indicators like costs, say due to under-utilization of capacity; revenues, working capital due to building up finished goods inventory prior to demand; quality by hiring temporary staff; speed could also be enhanced by surplus provision; dependability of supply will also be affected due to any unexpected disruptions; and flexibility will also be enhanced due to surplus capacity. – Extra plant expansion to meet peak demand. Another influence on the supply chain brought about by the Forrester effect or the bullwhip effect is to look for an additional plant capacity or expansion to cater for demand either as a result of low stock or increased demand which were distorted as the bullwhip effect struck. The implication is it can lead to large distortions and high costs. – High costs for corrections-large unexpected orders or supply problems necessitate expedited shipments and overtime. This might also affect the planning of the company's transport and logistics in terms of additional handling and administrative costs though there will be some benefits, the supply chain is affected. – Other influences are the following: collaboration, direct sales, smaller order batches or more frequent re-supply, unexpected shortages in inventory, price fluctuation, demand behaviour, stock market trading, information-sharing and profit variation. Notwithstanding these,there are some possible ways and means to minimise or reduce the bullwhip effect. The various initiatives for possible solution to the bullwhip effect are based on the underlying coordination mechanism. These mechanisms are namely, information sharing,;by this demand information at a downstream site is relayed upstream in time for processing; channel alignment, this is the coordination of pricing, transportation, inventory planning, and ownership between the upstream and downstream sites in a supply chain; and operational efficiency, are the activities that are pursued to improve performance like reduced costs and lead-time. In the light of these three mechanisms, some of the critical areas that can be looked at to reduce the impact of variability on the supply chain include aligning incentives to overall supply chain performance objectives; developing trust and contractual agreements between supply chain partners; approach such as delayed differentiation, designing for commonality; direct sales, vendor managed inventory, continuous replenishment; multi-echelon inventory control policies; lead time reduction through operational efficiency and design; lot size reduction using efficient transportation and distribution systems; price stabilization and uniform pricing. First and foremost understanding the causes of the bullwhip effect can help managers to find strategies to combat or curb it. Companies must make concerted efforts through various means available in their supply chain management in order to deal with these inconsistencies.

Content Marketing Process The Most Complete Guide to Get Organized

Content Marketing Process The Most Complete Guide to Get Organized Content marketing is deceptively complex. On its surface, it may appear simple: create content, push it out into the world, and watch the leads pour in. However, in actual practice, there are a lot of moving parts that need to be synchronized for success. From strategy to execution to measurement, there is more involved than what immediately meets the eye. This disconnect between expectations and reality can quickly derail an organization’s attempts to get started with content. When CMOs and client stakeholders lack a clear understanding of the strategy and workflow development required to achieve success, the results can easily fail to produce a measurable return on investment and keep those stakeholders happy. Developing an understanding of how the complete content marketing process functions doesn’t have to be difficult though. Having an outline from start to finish illustrating how things work can help convince clients and stakeholders that success isn’t as simple as starting a blog, shooting some videos, or publishing an optimal number of social media posts. In this blog post, you’ll get: A clear explanation of how content marketing works through the entire process. Tons of links to related blog posts that dive deep into each area. Templates to help your team get started with documenting strategy and workflows. This is a high-level process summary that’ll take you from the beginning planning stages, all the way through to measurement and analysis. If this post offers the â€Å"what† and â€Å"why† around what needs to be done, then the links to more granular posts provide the â€Å"how† on executing each piece. Approach this as a bookmarkable hub, and remember, there’s no pressure to absorb all of this right away. Manage Your Content Marketing Production Process With 30 Templates, Infographics, and More Executing effectively throughout this process isnt easy. To help you on your journey, weve pulled together 30 free resources you can start using right now. This bundle includes templates, guides, worksheets, and more. Theres something for every part of your content marketing workflow, and wed encourage you to download it now before moving on. What Does a Content Creation Process Look Like? There are a lot of different models and maps charting out the content marketing process. For our purposes, we’ll break it down into the following five buckets: Content Planning and Strategy:  This includes everything involved in developing an overarching plan and strategy for your content. Content Creation: This includes everything involved in creation processes and workflows. Content Publishing:  This includes everything involved in establishing publishing schedules and cadences. Content Distribution and Promotion:  This includes everything involved in promoting a piece of content. Content Measurement:  This includes everything involved in analyzing performance and extracting insights to refine your content strategy in the future. At a high level, here’s what this all looks like in diagram form: Your Content Marketing Process Library When writing this post, we realized that tackling the entire content planning, creation, promotion, and measurement process in one post is a tall order. If you're looking for something specific, click through to one of the following posts: Content Planning and Strategy How to Plan and Execute an Effective Content Strategy That Will Quadruple Your Results (Template) How to Build a Content Marketing Strategy You'll Actually Use (Template) The Ultimate Marketing Campaign Planning Checklist That Will Get You Proactive Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects Content Creation 40 Content Writing Tips to Make You a Better Marketer Now The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word Ninja The Most Massive SEO Copywriting Guide That Will Make Your Traffic Soar The Ultimate Blog Writing Process to Create Killer Posts The Email Copywriting Process You Need to Get More Conversions How to Work With Designers With Authentic Advice From 's Designer How to Make an Infographic Like a Pro in 7 Easy Steps Content Publishing The Best 2019 Content Calendar to Get Organized All Year When is the Best Time to Publish Blog Posts? What 14 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email The Best Times to Post on Social Media According to Research The Social Media Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% Content Promotion and Distribution 21+ Easy Ways to Build An Email List That Will Skyrocket By 140% in 1 Year How to Build the Best Social Media Promotion Plan For Your Content The Way to Write Email Subject Lines That Get More Clicks How to Boost Traffic With 34 SEO Tips You Need to Know Now (+ Free Kit) Content Measurement and Analytics 3 Hidden Google Analytics Reports to Help You Understand Your Audience How to Build a Marketing Report Quickly (Free Template) How to Use Social Media Analytics to Create the Best Content Phase 1: Content Strategy + Planning Everything starts with smart planning. Understanding Your Audience Who are you creating content for? What are their greatest wants, needs, and pain points? These are some of the first questions you’ll need to answer when developing your process. Figuring out who your audience is doesn’t have to be as hard as it sounds. Do some digging, though, and you might find that your real audience differs from the one you thought you had. To begin, answer four questions: What  problems does my company, product, or service solve? If you’re in business at all, this should (hopefully) be easy enough to answer. How do you make customers lives better or easier? Who are our current customers? Who’s buying your product right now? Make a mental note if that’s different from who you want to be buying your product. Who is my competition? You probably know who your top competitors are. However, do some quick keyword searches on Google, Facebook, and Twitter to see if you can turn up any more you weren’t aware of. What sets us apart from our competition? Why would people choose you instead? Once you’ve nailed these down, you’ll know: What topics your content needs to cover and which questions it should answer. Who is going to read, watch, or listen to that content. What your competition is doing (and start thinking about how you can improve on their efforts). What you need to do to set your content apart (so people consume your stuff instead of your competitors’). Next, develop a simple audience statement that summarizes who you’re trying to reach. Use this template and fill in the blanks: â€Å"[OUR COMPANY] creates content to help [INSERT DEMOGRAPHIC] do [INSERT ACTION] better.† Then, establish what we call your â€Å"content core.† This means identifying two things: What you do (and the topics that matter most to your company). What your audience cares about (which probably includes topics you should cover, even if they only loosely correlate with what your company does). Here are a few simple ways to get started doing this: Dig through your social media followers feeds. What are they sharing on Twitter? Run an audience survey. Use something like Polldaddy  or Survey Monkey  and ask customers or blog readers what they’re interested in (and what topics they want your content to cover. Look at your competition’s content. You shouldn’t necessarily copy what they’re doing. However, taking note of what they’re creating can give you some clues at what their audience finds relevant (provided they’re doing a good job). Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects Developing Personas If you’re not deeply familiar with your audience, then building personas can be vital for understanding who you’re targeting. This is especially true when working in industries where you don’t consider yourself a deep subject matter expert (SME). This process can get fairly involved, but it doesn’t necessarily need to be overly complicated. What makes personas such an importance piece of the content marketing process? This graphic summarizes that with a few powerful stats: A persona is a simple character description of your average customer or audience member. To build out a simple user persona, you should include the following information: Age Location Occupation Income Level Level of Education Hobbies Challenges and Goals Personality Summary Values and Fears Favorite Blogs, News Sources, and Companies That’s the high-level description of what you need in a persona. For a more detailed guide, check out the post below. Recommended Reading: Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools Establish Your Goals Have a plan for how you’ll set goals for each project and campaign you execute. While goals may vary based on each project, having one set methodology for determining goals makes setting them easier. One common goal-setting framework we recommend is the SMART system. SMART goals are: Specific. Goals should be laser-focused on moving set metrics KPIs. Measurable. They should be quantifiable and able to be backed up with real numbers. Actionable. Can you take specific steps to achieve this goal? Realistic. Increasing revenue by 1 million percent is probably not realistic. Use your best judgment. Timely. Achieving goals should help move your organization forward in ways that are relevant right now. Then, to write a simple goal statement (whether for your overall business and marketing goals, or for a specific channel, campaign, or project), follow this template: You can adjust the specific verbiage as necessary. What’s necessary is that you plainly state the following: What you hope to achieve. When you hope to achieve it by. For more specific guides on setting marketing goals, dig into these guides: How to Set Marketing Goals You Can Actually Achieve  from Kissmetrics How to Set Marketing Goals Based on Business Goals  from ImpactBND How to Define SMART Marketing Objectives  from Smart Metrics Here's how to set SMART marketing goals (and manage the rest of your content marketing process,...Develop Your Content Strategy This is an enormous topic in itself. In fact, several books have been written on the subject (and you should read them). Arguably, a lot of what we cover in this post also covers content strategy and content marketing strategy (there’s a subtle difference). For our purposes here, we’ll break down content strategy into its absolute most basic elements. Then, we’ll point you in the right direction to learn more. To begin, let’s answer three questions: What will you create? This means the kinds of content and channels you’ll use. Why will you create it? This ties back into your goals and the specific needs your content should address. How will you measure success? This entails establishing the specific metrics you’ll track against. Performing Content Audits How can you make sure you create more content that works, cut out what doesn’t, and avoid duplicating effort? The answer is by performing regular content audits. Pam Neely put together this excellent guide (and content audit template)  that dives deep into this process. At a high level, here are some things to look for when evaluating past content: Generating Ideas How will you generate ideas for projects and campaigns? Quality creative concepts and campaign ideas don’t happen by accident (most of the time). Everything you create should also be connected to your overall goals. So, how do you come up with great ideas that actually move the needle? Start by figuring out who will be involved in your ideation process: Clients or internal stakeholders. Campaigns often start as solutions to problems your clients or your company is facing. Your CEO, CMO, and senior strategists. These folks are close to your organization’s overall goal-setting. Your do-ers down in the trenches (writers, designers, etc.). You hire creative people to be creative, right? Then, establish frameworks for ideation. There are a couple ways to approach this: Solo strategy sessions where individual team members generate project, content, and campaign ideas on their own. Group brainstorming sessions where multiple team members collaborate on ideation. The easiest brainstorming process we’ve had success with at looks like this: Get your team in a room and have them write down every idea they can think of in ten minutes. Have one person read every idea out loud. Then, have each team member rate those ideas on a three-point scale. Three’s are definite ideas you should execute, two’s are ideas that need some work, and one’s are, well, crap. If you do this right, the process will yield ideas all across the board (and that’s okay). Take every idea that’s a unanimous three and narrow down the ones you’ll settle on. This process works for all kinds of different projects and in all kinds of scenarios. Feel free to adapt it to fit your purposes. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Phase 2: Content Creation You’ve got your planning processes in place. Now, let’s move onto the execution steps. How will content marketing projects and ideas be brought to life? Establish Team Roles Team roles may be different than actual job titles. What we’re looking to know here is what people will actually be doing when it comes to planning, publishing, and promoting content. Recommended Reading: How to Structure Your Marketing Team to Create the Best Content Understanding Keyword Research Keyword research is vital for creating content your audience wants. At its simplest level, it should achieve three goals: Helping you understand what people want to read. This typically means stuff that answers questions and solves problems for them. Helping you understand the intent behind keywords. Carefully analyze search results for keyword terms to ensure people are really looking for what you think they are. Helping you understand what you can rank on. Most keyword tools show keyword difficulty and competition. In order to do quality keyword research, you’ll need the right tools. Here are some we can recommend: Google Keyword Planner Moz’s Keyword Explorer Ahrefs Keywords Explorer Keyword Studio Serpstat Recommended Reading: Your Ultimate Content Marketer’s Guide to Keyword Research Building Checklists, Templates, and Other Reusable Assets Having pre-built checklists and templates for every type of content you produce can help make creating content that’s consistent easier. They help reinforce productive workflows and ensure that every project gets executed the right way, every time. There are a couple of ways to approach this: Use our pre-built checklist here, or any of the templates bundled within this post you’re reading right now. Build your own checklists and templates. To create your own checklists, follow these steps: List everything that’s needed to complete a specific type of content. Be thorough. Assign each task to the appropriate team member. This could be either a specific person or just the role required. Estimate how long each step takes to complete. If you’re not sure, track your time over the course of creating a few pieces to set benchmarks. Document all of those steps and make your checklist easily accessible to your team. Consider using something like a shared Google Drive or Dropbox folder to store all your checklists. Writing + Design Getting writers and designers working well together is key for content marketing success. By establishing clear processes for each, you can eliminate a lot of confusion and head-butting around expectations. A basic workflow might look like this: Writer drafts content in a template or document. Then, writer and designer discuss images to include. Designer takes direction and adds other images where necessary. Generally, whatever type of content you’re creating, this is loosely how it works. Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/content-writing-tips https://.com/blog/how-to-make-an-infographic/ https://.com/blog/blog-photography-tips/ https://.com/blog/social-media-images Phase 3: Content Publishing Once workflows and processes for content creation have been put in place, determine how often content will be published, and establish processes for managing your cadence. Establish How Often You'll Publish Each Type of Content You Create There are no objectively correct answers to how much content is enough or how much is too much. But, the following posts can help offer some starting points: How Often to Post on Social Media [Proven Research From 14 Studies] The Best Email Sending Frequency [Backed By 20 Studies] The Perfect Blog Post Length and Publishing Frequency is B?!!$#à ·x [Whiteboard Friday from Moz] Planning Your Content Marketing Calendar We strongly recommend planning every piece of content you publish on one unified marketing calendar. Whether you use a spreadsheet or an app (we’re partial to ourselves), your calendar should achieve the following objectives: It should give your entire team one place to see every project in progress. A place to map out all your deadlines. A means of keeping everything organized so nothing gets lost or forgotten. If you need a calendar template or a guide on how to use one, we have several. Check out the following posts below: Recommended Reading: How to Boost Success With a Content Marketing Editorial Calendar Phase 4: Content Promotion + Distribution Content promotion often gets overlooked. If you’re not thoroughly planning your promotion processes, though, it’s time to start. Social Media Assuming you’ll be creating social media posts to promote other content (in addition to standalone social content), you’ll need to plan a few things: Your channel selection. Which channels are you on, and which are most important for you? A promotional posting schedule for each type of content you’ll be promoting. Planned posting templates save time wondering how many posts to prepare. An understanding of social media analytics. Monitoring what works and what doesn’t will help you make the most of your time in the long run. Recommended Reading: How to Align Your Content Marketing and Social Media Strategy in 9 Steps The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% The Best Way to Plan a Social Media Strategy in Five Steps With a Template Email Marketing Email marketing delivers 4,000% ROI. According to Campaign Monitor, it also 40 times more effective for customer acquisition  than social media. So, have a plan to make the most of it. Develop a strategy to build your email list. Gated content upgrades  in blog posts and building landing pages  with opt-in forms  are two ways to do this. Plot out an email sending schedule. This guide  will help you select the best days and times to send e-newsletters. Plan an email content creation process. This will entail: Writing your email copy. Designing email templates  (if you’re coding your own emails) or placing content into a template within your email marketing service provider. Analyzing the performance per email. Repeat.Recommended Reading: Killer Email Marketing Planning Best Practices With 19 Examples The 4 Simple Stages of an Engaging Email Funnel Strategy What 14 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email Search Engine Optimization Search engine optimization is necessary for ensuring your content garners continued traffic (even after your social media and email promotion have run their course). On a basic level, be sure to check off the following for every piece of content you publish (assuming you’re creating blog posts or website pages): Title tags. These are the blue links at the top of search results. They should include your target keyword and accurately describe your content. They should be 70 characters or less. Meta descriptions. This is the descriptive text beneath the blue links in search results. They don’t directly impact rankings but do influence click-through rates. They should be 150 characters or less (but not too short). To test your title tags and meta descriptions before your content is published, consider using one of these free tools: Portent’s SERP Preview Tool:  It’s a little bit outdated (Google no longer uses pixel width to cap title tag length), but it can still help you see what search snippets will look like: Spotibo SERP Preview Tool:  Another free option that works well. Yoast:  If you’re using WordPress and Yoast, you’ll see a preview of your title tag and meta description before you publish. There are also some other basic on-page SEO elements to consider. These include: Keyword targeting. Does your content target a specific keyword phrase? Latent semantic indexing. In plain English, does your content include terms relevant to your primary topic? Keyword placement within your content. Is your primary keyword in your URL, H1, and body content? Are secondary keywords naturally integrated into your copy? For more detailed guides on SEO execution, read through the following: How to Boost Traffic With 34 Important SEO Tips You Need to Know How to Improve Your Keyword Research With Latent Semantic Indexing How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Awesome Checklist SEO Content Strategy: How to Skyrocket Your Traffic By 594% PR / Outreach What’s one of the best ways to promote your content? Tell people directly who might be interested in it! Of course, you’ll want to be genuine and sincere in your outreach. Content marketing and public relations are asked to join forces now more than ever. As these fields increasingly overlap, it’s important to have plans and processes in place for how these cross-discipline teams work together. According to Search Engine Land, there are at least five different ways for PR and SEO to cooperate: Product education. Whether they’re talking to customers, partners, or the media, PR spends a lot of time explaining how things work to people. Great content can be a quality asset for supporting this. Obtaining backlinks. When you tell people about your content, it’s more likely to be found by people interested in linking to it. Managing media outreach. Keeping messaging consistent between content and PR. What one team says is true, the other should say, too. Sharing content. Your PR team probably knows better than anyone who might be interested in seeing the content you’re creating. Lean on their contacts and tools like Cision  to find quality outreach targets. So, what can content marketers and PR pros do to combine efforts for maximum impact? Here are a couple ideas: Build lists of trusted contacts to reach out to with new content. Do you have news reporters or other content marketers you’re frequently in contact with? If so, consider compiling their contact info into a shared list. That way, when you have something of interest (either for content or PR), you can easily reach out. Make an account on Help A Reporter Out (HARO). This database of sources for journalists makes it easy to list yourself as a trusted source. Use content to support your claims that you’re an expert on your industry or topic. Learn more here. For more information on making this relationship work, this beginner’s guide to PR from Kissmetrics  is a great place to start. So is this guide from Smart Insights. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Pitch Email That Will Get Your Guest Post Accepted Phase 5: Measurement, Analytics, and Reporting If you’re going to earn your paycheck, you need to prove your work is making an impact. This is where reporting comes in. Good content marketing reporting shows your organization how your efforts are driving KPIs and making money. Good reporting shows your organization how your efforts are driving KPIs and making money.Setting Up Analytics Tools There are a lot of different analytics tools out there. Which ones you use will depend on the type of you’re doing. Here are some common options to consider. Google Analytics:  This one is near-ubiquitous for content marketers. Piwik: This is another freemium alternative to Google Analytics. Heap: Freemium analytics platform that tracks without using tags. Kissmetrics: An advanced behavioral metrics platform (we use them heavily here at ). Adobe Analytics: Enterprise-grade analytics platform. These are some popular options. To find more, check out this list from G2 Crowd. You might also choose to connect several different tools into one dashboard. Here are a couple different options: Cyfe: Basic custom dashboard tool that integrates with tons of different services. Klipfolio: Advanced marketing dashboard tool that connects to a wide variety of other tools and platforms. It also includes API access for connecting unsupported tools (although setting them up this way may require technical knowledge). Lots of different SEO and content marketing platforms offer built-in analytics, too. Here are a handful of examples: Moz: All-in-one SEO software platform with built-in analytics functionality. Raven Tools: Similar to Moz but with a heavier emphasis on analytics and reporting. Ahrefs: Offers robust metrics for rank tracking, link building, and other areas of content and SEO. Whichever toolset you’re using, ensure that the right people have access to the right tools. Depending on the size of your organization, that could mean individual contributors are given access to analytics tools, or you might have dedicated analytics staff. Recommended Reading: How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017 Establishing a Reporting Schedule Next, determine when marketing reports will go out (and who needs to receive them). Depending on the tools you use, you might be able to set this up automatically. In fact, this guide from Google  covers how to setup monthly reporting automatically in Google Analytics. To set your reporting schedule, answer the following questions: How often do we need data updates? If you have weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual reporting meetings, set up your reporting schedule accordingly. Which data needs to be shared at which time? Data that’s closely tied to day-to-day performance (both for yourself, your team, and company-wide) may need to be shared on a weekly or monthly basis. Long-term goals may be more appropriate for monthly, quarterly or annual reporting. Who needs to know this data? If you manually email reports within your company, build a list of people who need to receive that report. Let’s break down common content marketing metrics into a sensible schedule: Weekly / Monthly: Specific metrics connected to the performance of your do-ers. Quarterly: Higher-level summary of progress toward long-term goals. Annual: Very high-level goals. In short, the more impact a goal or metric has on day-to-day performance for your team in the trenches, the more often those metrics likely need to be reported on. For more guidance on planning your reporting schedule, check out this guide from Chris Penn. Building Reporting Templates If you rely on automated reports from your analytics tools, this is cut and dried. However, what if your organization expects customized reports because your tools can’t quite pull everything you need into one Excel sheet or PDF? In that case, you may need to build your own template. Fortunately, we’ve created one here  to help get you started.

Business Plan For A Business Organization

A well written business plan is recommended to begin any new business or new venture creation. The purpose of a business plan is to describe the business in detail for a variety of purposes. The plan can give direction and add vision to the company, such as growth and arket changes. A good business plan can attract new investors and potential partners or employees. It can also help manage the company as a whole. â€Å"A business plan conveys the organizational structure of your business, including titles†¦ A business plan is a written document or a statement that states the goals of the companies and the progress of how the goals are going to be accomplished. Plan of activities includes the why, what and when questions to come up with a solid plan that will turn into a business (Salman, 2008). Plan of activities serves the following purpose: (1) it acts a directive, plan of activities helps in identifying how far you want to take the business and you achievement at the end, (2) business plan gives†¦ Business and Organisation Structures TASK 1 There are different types of businesses. Some of them are Sole Traders, Partnership businesses and Limited companies. Sole Traders are the types of organization which is run by a sole owner. There is one person in charge. The sole trader takes the decision of expanding the business, how to operate and what kind of service to provide. The benefits of sole traders is that the owner gets all the profit and have total control on how to run the business.†¦ create a business, it’s time to sit down and make some plans. You should NEVER dive right into the market, as it is a sure-fire way to fail. Plans are essential to your success in the market you’re looking to break into. So, with that in mind, you might be thinking just what plans should you make. What Plans You Need To Make To Ensure Your Business Is A Total Success 1.Do market research 2.Choose a name for your business 3.Pick a legal structure for the business 4.Develop a business plan Every one†¦ In order for a business to be successful, that business has to have a clearly defined business model and plan. Regardless of the type of business, the purpose of a business model is to provide a clear level of insight of an organization’s goals, mission, and strategy and framework of how the business will function to accomplish those goals. As a member-driven trade association, our focus is dedicated to communicating the value of community pharmacies as the face of neighborhood healthcare. This†¦ Business plan: Business plan is just like a written document of business future. This document generally projects business goals, issues may face your business and plans to solve them and outlines the route a company intends to take to grow revenues (Berry, n.d.). Generally a business plan will include components such as descriptions of the company, product or service, market, forecasts, management team, and financial analysis and containing a projected profit and loss statement (MCKEEVER†¦ Entrepreneurs looking to start-up a business need innovative ideas that translate into opportunity. Perpetuated by a vision of a product or service, entrepreneurs look to revolutionize an industry by satisfying unmet consumer demands in the market. Having an innovative product is what powers a business idea forward. Through careful market research and industry analysis, a solid and well-designed business plan is needed to define what your product is and how it will be profitable. The key to generating†¦ have a business plan, no matter how small or how big. Running a business is very hard and requires a lot of details and having ideas, sort of a rough draft. A business plan serves as a road map and attracts capital through loans and investments. You will never know if your business will succeed or not but having a vision of what your business is going to be gives a good chance. The first step in a business plan is being able to write a business description for your business plan. Your business description†¦ a new business requires a lot of planning, making vital financial decisions and conducting a number of legal activities. The demand of a person time may be much greater than anticipated. With careful planning, an individual would be able to work through some of those challenges they will be faced with. In starting a business, there are numerous steps/stages one must go through. Some of those steps includes (1) Business plan, (2) Choosing a business location, (3) Financing your business (4) Registering†¦ you have a marketing and business plan. I believe no business can or will succeed without a Mission, Objective, Budget, and Marketing Plan. I have witness several businesses from a variety of people fail or not succeed because they fail to develop a Marketing and Business Plan. Without the proper preparation for any business or any product they will face higher chances of lacking its full potential. In addition, there are so many other contributing factors to a business not being successful which†¦